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chmod calculator
Octal ⇄ symbolic permission modes, both directions: 754 is u=rwx,g=rx,o=r. Special bits (setuid, setgid, sticky) named for what they actually do.
| Class | read (4) | write (2) | execute (1) | On a directory |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| user | r: ls the contents · w: create/delete own files · x: enter and pass through | |||
| group | same three bits, group-scoped | |||
| other | same three bits, everyone-else-scoped | |||
| special | setuid/setgid change effective user/group on exec; sticky restricts deletion in shared dirs (/tmp). |
- No umask arithmetic and no a+r/g-w operation modes. Those apply a change to an EXISTING mode this page does not know. Full assignments and octal only.
- X (capital) is execute-only-if: resolved here as no-execute for a regular file, with the assumption stated: a directory target would differ.
- Permissions do not grant access alone: ownership, mounts, and higher-level ACLs all sit on top.
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