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# Flight carbon emissions calculator

Estimate a flight's CO2e per passenger from airports or distance using dated UK government factors, shown with and without radiative forcing.

Pick two airports or type a distance.

Factors come from the DESNZ 2025 (published June 2025) conversion factors ([gov.uk](https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/greenhouse-gas-reporting-conversion-factors-2025), business travel air and its well-to-tank counterpart), and that file is the only source this tool uses: no live service, no airline data. The two headline numbers differ because the with-RF figure applies a 1.7 multiplier for aviation's indirect effects, which DESNZ recommends while flagging real scientific uncertainty, so neither number is the truth and the pair is the honest answer. Distances are great-circle lines between reference points with the standard 8 percent routing uplift already inside the factors; winds, airways and the actual aircraft type are not modelled, and calculators using ICAO or other factor sets can land 30 percent away. Domestic flights publish one average-passenger factor, so a cabin pick there falls back with a note.
Options

## More unit & math tools

- [Unit converter](/converters/units)
- [Time zone converter](/time/timezone-converter)
[All unit & math tools](/converters)

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